The Timeline
Every story placed on the calendar of the war, 1941–1946.
-
Government & PropagandaUnanimous Save For One
Within hours of Pearl Harbor, American newspapers began describing a calm and united nation. They printed it on the same pages that carried the blackouts, the arrests, and the one member of Congress who voted no and was not allowed to say why.
Source · The Evening Star, December 6, 1941, p. 1 -
Daily Life & CultureThe Deciding Vote
Five weeks before the President wrote that he hoped night games could be extended, the commissioner of baseball had personally cast the deciding vote against them. The letter was addressed to him — and he called the meeting that would decide how far the leagues would go.
Source · Evening Star, December 11, 1941, p. 2 -
Civilian Defense & FearNot Loud Enough
Washington adopted an air-raid warning in December 1941. The next day's test barely drew notice; ten days later wardens still couldn't hear the sirens. The Evening Star had predicted the problem before the first blast.
Source · Evening Star, December 12, 1941, p. 25 -
Daily Life & CultureWe Cannot Sell New Dunlop Tires!
Before sugar, there were tires. Days after Pearl Harbor, Washington froze new-tire sales. What followed appeared in dealer ads, empty shops, congressional hearings and classifieds as Americans discovered what rationing actually meant.
Source · Evening Star, December 12, 1941, p. 63 -
Government & PropagandaA Sort of Goodwill Court
Congress gave one city statutory rent control a month before it gave the country the power to impose it. The day the District's office opened, the first complainant heard was a registered nurse who said her landlady had turned off the heat. Nearly seven hundred people reached the office before the day was out.
Source · Evening Star, December 17, 1941, p. 1 -
Government & PropagandaFirst, Last and Always
Three days before Pearl Harbor, the Waterbury chapter of the America First Committee sent a delegation to Hartford to hear Senator Nye argue against the war. Twelve days later it voted itself out of existence and gave its treasury to the local boys already in uniform. The papers recorded the reversal almost day by day.
Source · Waterbury Democrat, December 19, 1941, p. 16
-
Industry & InnovationWe Can't Sell the Cars We Have
On New Year's Day 1942 the government stopped the sale of new automobiles. The Evening Star carried the alarm on its front page the next day and sent readers inside for the order itself — where three Washington dealers counted up what it would cost them, and the paper set out the wrong order.
Source · Evening Star, January 2, 1942, p. 1 -
Civilian Defense & FearSomething Like a Balloon
On the night of February 24–25, 1942, Los Angeles fired hundreds of anti-aircraft shells at the sky for an hour. The next morning the wire told the country it had beaten off waves of Japanese planes. Then the Navy said false alarm and the War Department said fifteen aircraft. The fear was real; the enemy was not.
Source · The Waterbury Democrat, February 25, 1942, p. 1 -
Race & InjusticeRocks Hurt 2 in a Melee
Sixteen months before Detroit burned in the summer of 1943, a white mob stopped Black families from moving into a federal housing project. Three Detroit papers watched the same morning and could not agree on who had rioted.
Source · Detroit Evening Times, February 28, 1942, p. 1 -
Daily Life & CultureSeventeen Allowed to Purchase Tires
Washington's rationing rules decided who was essential enough to buy a tire — a physician, a food truck, and, after February 1942, a minister. The rules did not make tires. In two counties, unpaid neighbors sat where the widening list of the essential met the shrinking supply, and decided who got them.
Source · The Wilmington Morning Star, May 31, 1942, p. 7 -
Industry & InnovationBomber City
By 1944 the Associated Press put Willow Run's output at close to one heavy bomber every working hour. The workers came by the tens of thousands. And the town spent 1942 arguing about a city for them that the government swore it would not build — and then had to.
Source · The Ypsilanti Daily Press, June 25, 1942, p. 1 -
Race & InjusticeShe Knew Rules
In July 1942 the tenor Roland Hayes — who had sung for the King of England — was beaten and jailed by police in Rome, Georgia, after his wife declined to move to the back of a shoe store. The American press did not ignore it. It could not agree on what it was.
Source · Atlanta Daily World, July 15, 1942, p. 1 -
Civilian Defense & FearBeach Residents Now Sharing Cars
On July 15, 1942, three ships died in a battle off Cape Hatteras — two freighters and the U-boat that killed them. The front page of the nearest daily paper was about carpooling.
Source · The Wilmington Morning Star, July 15, 1942, p. 1 -
Race & InjusticeCast Off
In September 1942 the United States launched a Liberty ship named for Booker T. Washington and gave it a Black captain. The Black press ran his own account of the twenty-four years it took. The white press ran a couple of sentences and put his race in the headline.
Source · Atlanta Daily World, October 25, 1942, p. 1 -
Daily Life & CultureA Day for Mourning as Well as for Thanksgiving
In November 1942 a New York Yiddish daily printed a column in English on its front page. It said the extermination of the Jews of Europe was underway, and that it had been checked. Elsewhere the same news ran as a letter to the editor.
Source · Der Tog (The Day), November 25, 1942, p. 1 -
Government & PropagandaThe Christmas Edition
On December 6, 1942, military police shot twelve people at Manzanar. The camp's newspaper did not publish again for twenty days, and when it did, its front page named forty-three men who had come back from a work furlough.
Source · Manzanar Free Press, December 25, 1942, p. 1
-
Race & InjusticeNo Riot Here
In June 1943, white sailors and soldiers beat Mexican American teenagers through the streets of Los Angeles. The national wire made the beaten the aggressors. One Black weekly named the machinery it said had set the violence going — and the paper that could have spoken for the boys who were hit was nowhere the free record reaches.
Source · California Eagle, June 10, 1943, p. 1 -
Race & InjusticeFour Papers, Four Riots
In June 1943, the same forty-eight hours in Beaumont, Texas produced four incompatible newspapers. The distance between them is the story.
Source · The Evening Star, June 17, 1943, p. 1 -
Race & InjusticeThe Paper Turned to Face the Police
In June 1943, as Detroit counted its dead, the city's Black weekly did not lead with the mob. It led with the men in uniform.
Source · The Michigan Chronicle, June 26, 1943, p. 1 -
Women & WorkSix Million May Be Needed
In fifteen pages of mainstream coverage of women entering war work, Black women appear exactly once — as a hundred beds in a segregated dormitory wing. In the same months, the Black press was reporting what it took to get hired at all.
Source · Atlanta Daily World, July 16, 1943, p. 1 -
Race & InjusticeNot a Race Riot
In August 1943, a white patrolman shot a Black soldier in Harlem. Everyone agreed on what to call what followed — and no two of them meant the same thing by it.
Source · The Evening Star, August 2, 1943, p. 1 -
Women & WorkCommunity Life
The one time America ran something close to public childcare, it was never authorized as childcare. It rode in under a housing act, on a phrase broad enough to carry it and vague enough to drop it.
Source · Greenbelt Cooperator, September 3, 1943, p. 1
-
Civilian Defense & FearA House of Death Today
On July 6, 1944, the Ringling Brothers big top caught fire in Hartford in the middle of a Thursday matinee. The papers counted 146 dead the next morning and 168 by late September; state police at the morgue estimated that two-thirds of the dead were children. The State Armory held them, an Army air base sent doctors and blood plasma, and five circus officials were arrested within a day. When the year ended the trial had been put over to the January term, the fire marshal's and the coroner's investigations still unfinished.
Source · The Evening Star, July 7, 1944, p. 3 -
Daily Life & CultureSimply Out of Luck
In the winter of 1944 the East Hartford Gazette reported that a boom town could not buy cigarettes. There was no ration book for them, so the shortage went by advantage — connections, cash, standing — and the clerk behind the counter decided who counted as a regular. The war workers who had come to build the airplanes were, the paper wrote, simply out of luck.
Source · The East Hartford Gazette, December 15, 1944, p. 1
-
Civilian Defense & FearNo Explanation of the Cause
On May 5, 1945, a woman and five children were killed near Bly, Oregon, by a Japanese balloon bomb. The country had not been told the balloons existed. Seventeen days later, the government lifted the ban and told it everything.
Source · The Daily Alaska Empire, May 31, 1945, p. 1 -
Daily Life & CultureAn Example to Servicemen
In 1945, with the major leagues emptied by the draft, the St. Louis Browns brought up a one-armed outfielder. The sportswriters called Pete Gray an example to wounded servicemen, a gate attraction worth touring, a one-armed star. Across roughly two dozen pages in sixteen papers, over two seasons, Gray himself speaks once — two words, to a child.
Source · Detroit Evening Times, June 16, 1945, p. 18 -
Industry & InnovationAn Exceptionally Opportune Time
For two and a half years the Kennewick Courier-Reporter covered the largest construction project in Washington State without being able to say what it was. On August 9, 1945, it found out — along with everyone else, and on the same day.
Source · The Kennewick Courier-Reporter, August 9, 1945, p. 1
